Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis in Dogs

What is juvenile pubic symphysiodesis?

Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) is a type of surgery that helps address hip dysplasia, preventing effects that otherwise develop over time, such as arthritis and reduced mobility. 

Hip dysplasia is a condition in which the hip joint does not fit together properly, which can cause pain and arthritis as the dog grows older. 

The goal of JPS is to help the hip joints fit together better, reducing the chances of developing problems later in life. It's a straightforward procedure with minimal complications, and it can make a big difference in the dog's quality of life as they grow up.

How does JPS help with hip dysplasia?

Hip dysplasia occurs when a dog’s hip joints are too loose. Over time, the loose joints can cause pain and arthritis. JPS helps by changing how the pelvis develops, causing the hip sockets (acetabula) to rotate slightly, helping them to better fit the ball of the hip joints (femoral heads). This tighter fit makes the joints more stable and lowers the chance of future problems.

Which puppies can have JPS?

JPS works best when puppies are very young. It is most effective for puppies who:

• Are between 12 and 18 weeks old (or up to 22 weeks for large breeds)
• Have been tested for hip looseness (often using a PennHIP X-ray or an Ortolani test)
• Have mild to moderate hip looseness, but do not already have arthritis

Since hip dysplasia may not cause obvious signs in young puppies, breeds at risk (like Labrador retrievers, German shepherds, and golden retrievers) should be tested early.

What happens during JPS surgery?

JPS is done under general anesthesia to ensure the puppy feels no pain. The veterinarian makes a small incision on the puppy’s belly, over the pelvis. The surgeon then uses electrocautery (a tool that applies controlled heat) to treat the pubic symphysis, which is the area of bone growth at the center of the pelvis. In puppies, this area consists of cartilage that expands the pelvis as it is gradually replaced by bone.

"The procedure is generally short, and most puppies recover quickly."

The JPS procedure causes the pubic symphysis to stop growing, while the rest of the pelvis continues to develop normally. This change causes the hip sockets to rotate slightly, improving their fit around the femoral head (the ball of the hip joint). Over time, this rotation leads to a better hip structure, reducing looseness and preventing joint problems. The procedure is generally short, and most puppies recover quickly.

How long does it take to recover?

Most puppies go home the same day or the next day. They may need pain medicine for a short time, but they usually feel better quickly. Your veterinarian may recommend exercise restriction to maximize the benefits of the surgery:

• For the first week after surgery, your dog's activity should be limited to short, controlled leash walks to prevent any undue stress on the healing area.
• After the first week, you can gradually increase the duration and intensity of the walks. It's important to monitor your dog for any signs of discomfort or pain and discuss with your veterinarian.
• During the recovery period, avoid activities that involve jumping, running, or playing with other dogs, as these activities can put excessive strain on the healing pelvis.

Maintaining a lifelong, healthy weight is crucial, as excess weight can put additional stress on the joints. 

What are the benefits of JPS?

• It is simple and safe, with a short recovery time.
• It reduces the risk of arthritis by improving hip joint stability.

Are there any risks?

JPS is very safe, but there are a few things to consider:

• It must be done early; it does not work after 20–22 weeks of age.
• It is not helpful for puppies with severe hip dysplasia or arthritis.
• The results depend on how well the hips continue to develop after surgery.

How does JPS compare to other hip treatments?

JPS is preventative, meaning it helps before arthritis develops. Other surgeries, like triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) or total hip replacement, are done when a dog already has pain and arthritis.

Should I consider JPS for my puppy?

If your puppy is a young, at-risk breed, early testing with a PennHIP X-ray can show if JPS would help. Since hip dysplasia often doesn’t cause symptoms until later, early treatment can prevent pain and movement problems. If you’re unsure whether JPS is right for your puppy, talk to your veterinarian. Catching hip dysplasia early can make a big difference in your dog’s longterm health and comfort.